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Same/Other versus Friend/Enemy: Levinas contra Schmitt

In order to appreciate what is at stake in Emmanuel Levinas' vocabulary of Same/Other for diagnosing the Western philosophical, ethical, and political tradition (or series of traditions),¹ it is illuminating to compare it with Carl Schmitt's vocabulary of Friend/Enemy which has also been invoked as the key to Western philosophy, ethics, and politics.² On the surface, the vocabularies seem to be fairly interchangeable—or at least, the second appears as a dominant subdivision within the first. "Friend/Enemy" seems to be either synonymous with the Other—the Other has to be acknowledged as either a friend or an enemy—or the larger category of...