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The Bankruptcy of the Republican School

If "native Americans ... developed the fundamental principles of freedom of speech and separation of powers in governments ... [which] form the foundation of the United States Government,"¹ then perhaps all of American political history should be revised. The most important revisionist movement in the past forty years among historians of the American revolution, however, is associated with so-called classical or civic republicanism. This school's basic contention is that the ideas of Aristotle, Livy, and Tacitus, somewhat modernized via Machiavelli and Harrington, had a much greater impact on the revolutionary generation than Locke's thought. Thus, the American revolution is seen...