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Was Fascism Revolutionary?

When, in 1978, Domenico Settembrini's book on fascism as an "imperfect counter-revolution" appeared,¹ the violent reactions aroused by Renzo De Felice's notorious interview on fascism (1975) had just begun to die down. In this interview De Felice had dared to claim that fascism had been a "revolutionary phenomenon" and a "manifestation of left totalitarianism."² Predictably, Settembrini was also accused of seeking to reassess fascism. As Paolo Alatri put it in the columns of Il Messaggero, by focusing on fascism's revolutionary nature, Settembrini had provided an "interpretation that restored a stamp of nobility to it." Alatri did not hesitate to claim...