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Causal Nexus? Toward a Real History of Anti-Fascism and Anti-Bolshevism

The question of whether there was a "causal nexus" between Bolshevism in the Soviet Union and National Socialism in Germany is far older than the Historikerstreit. Ernst Nolte's controversial thesis implied that the formation of the Nazis as a party (NSDAP) and a movement, and their subsequent rise to power were hardly conceivable without the German bourgeoisie's basic fear of Bolshevism; the Nazis' exterminatory anti-Semitism was only a sort of response to, and the interpretive reversal of, the looming expectation of a Sovietized Germany. Thus, Bolshevik "class genocide" provided the historical model for Nazi "race genocide," the annihilation of...